Mobile communication system, mobile station and diversity handover branch control method

ABSTRACT

A branch candidate selecting method by a mobile station and a diversity handover control method on a network side in DHO performance are provided which consider a maximum cable branch number and maximum radio branch number of the mobile station, when the mobile station detects the plurality of addition branch candidates and deletion branch candidates. The mobile station inserts a plurality of addition branch candidates and deletion branch candidates, that is, all the DHO candidates into one handover trigger signal, and notifies the network. The addition branch candidates are put into addition information parameters in the handover trigger signal, and the deletion branch candidates are put into deletion information parameters. To simplify processing on the network side, the network side separates the addition branch candidates from the deletion branch candidates, and carries out sequential processing of them independently.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional application of commonly assigned,co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/230,956, filed Feb. 4,1999 and entitled “Mobile Radio Communication System, Mobile Station,and Method for Controlling Diversity Hand-Over Branch”, which is a 371of PCT/JP98/02456 filed Jun. 6, 1998, which application is incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. The Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a branch candidate selecting method ina mobile station in the case where the mobile station detects aplurality of addition branch candidates and deletion branch candidates,and to a diversity handover branch control method on a network side inexecuting diversity handover.

2. The Relevant Technology

Recently, code division multiple access (CDMA) technology has beenproposed as one of promising radio transmission methods for implementingmultimedia communications in the next generation mobile communicationnetwork systems. A CDMA system carries out diversity handover (DHO) thatestablishes multiple communication links (branches) between a mobilestation and a plurality of base stations while the mobile station ismoving near a boundary of a radio area, and communicates by performingsignal combining (selection combining) on the multiple communicationlinks. In the diversity condition, it is possible to increase a radiocapacity by controlling such that the mobile station and the basestations can communicate at minimum transmission power (transmissionpower control). Furthermore, it is possible in the diversity conditionto eliminate instantaneous chopping during handover, which can occur inthe conventional time division multiple access (TDMA).

Establishing a new branch in the DHO is specifically referred to as“addition DHO” in the DHO, and deleting a communication branch notcontributing to the communications in the diversity condition isspecifically referred to as “deletion DHO” in the DHO. To carry out theaddition DHO and deletion DHO, the mobile station normally detects acandidate of the addition DHO (called “addition DHO candidate” or“addition branch candidate”), and a candidate of the deletion DHO(called “deletion DHO candidate” or “deletion branch candidate”).Detecting an addition or deletion branch candidate by monitoring a radiocondition (transmission loss, for example) of a perch in the currentsector or peripheral sectors, the mobile station notifies the networkside of the detected candidate. The network side performs the DHO(addition DHO or deletion DHO) based on the notified candidate. The term“network side” usually refers to a switching center or a control centerof base stations, it is possible to provide this function to the basestations.

The mobile station communicates with the base stations using individualradio links (radio branches) associated with the base stations. Aswitching center comprises cable links (cable branches) connecting itwith the base stations that are communicating with the mobile station,and carries out, with a handover (HO) processor or a diversity handovertrunk (DHT), the selection combining of the signals sent from the basestations. The fundamental operation of the diversity handover branch isdisclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 9-508773 (1997),and network configurations and control methods of the diversity handovertrunks are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 8-348900 (1996).

Because of hardware implementation or the like, there are provided anupper limit to the number of radio branches (a maximum radio branchnumber) that the mobile station can establish simultaneously, and anupper limit to the number of cable branches (a maximum cable branchnumber) that the DHT in the switching center can connect or processsimultaneously. The upper limit to the number of communication branches(the maximum communication branch number) that can be established in thediversity condition equals the smaller one of the maximum numbers of theradio branches and cable branches. In ordinary systems, it is designedthat the maximum radio branch number becomes equal to the maximumcommunication branch number to make effective use of radio resources bygiving priority to them.

However, conventional papers (for example, Shimizu, et al. “Handoverequipment and control method in next generation mobile communicationsystems”, General assembly of the Institute of Electronics, Informationand Communication Engineers of Japan, 1997) handle the subject onlyunder the assumption that the control of branches to be added or deletedis limited to a single branch, and do not handle simultaneous control ofa plurality of addition branches and deletion branches. It is notspecified in ITU-T recommendation Q.FIF version 6, as well.

As mentioned above, since the control of the branches to be added anddeleted is carried out on one by one basis in the prior art, N times ofcontrol is required in principle to control N branches. However, themobile station can detect a plurality of deletion branch candidates andaddition branch candidates at the same time, because their detectiondepends on the ambient radio condition.

In such a case, a number of times of similar control operations arerepeated between the mobile station and the switching center, which isnot only inefficient, but also takes an extra time for the control untilthe entire handover control is completed.

Taking account of the addition DHO of a single branch, the prior artsets the maximum cable branch number at the maximum radio branch numberplus one. Thus, the network side can prepare the branches in cablesections by the number greater than the maximum radio branch number byone. This enables a simple switching operation in the radio sections tocomplete the addition DHO by adding one cable branch from among theprepared cable branches without deleting the communication branch evenin the case where one branch is added to the maximum number of branches.

However, such a method that follows the prior art, in which the maximumcable branch number is set at the number greater than the maximum radiobranch number by one, has a problem of impairing effective controlbecause of the network side control repeated by the number of additionbranch candidates. Furthermore, no prior art takes account of handlingany addition branch candidates that have not been prepared in the cablesection, even though they have higher DHO priority than thecommunication branches, because the control unit is for a single branchand the maximum cable branch number is limited.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, the present invention is implemented to solve the foregoingproblems. An object of the present invention is to provide a branchcandidate selecting method in a mobile station and a control method ofdiversity handover branches on a network side, considering a maximumcable branch number and a maximum radio branch number of the mobilestation in the case where the mobile station detects a plurality ofaddition branch candidates and deletion branch candidates. In the firstaspect of the present invention, there is provided a mobilecommunication system comprising a mobile station, a base stationconnected to the mobile station, and a switching center connected to thebase station, wherein the mobile station notifies the switching centerof information on one or more addition branch candidates between themobile station and the base station, and of information indicative ofprecedence of the addition branch candidates; and the switching centerperforms handover control in accordance with the information notified.

Here, information transmitted from the mobile station to the switchingcenter may further include information on one or more communicatingbranches between the mobile station and the base station.

The switching center may establish a communication branch between themobile station and the switching center using information on one or morecommunicating branches between the mobile station and the base station,the transmitted information on one or more addition branch candidatesbetween the mobile station and the base station, and the information onthe precedence of the addition branch candidates.

The switching center may establish, when a sum total of a number ofcommunicating branches and a number of the addition branch candidatesexceeds a maximum radio branch number simultaneously establishable incommunications between the mobile station and the base station, acommunication branch in order of precedence up to a maximum cable branchnumber that can be processed simultaneously by the switching center.

In the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided amobile station of a mobile communication system comprising the mobilestation, a base station connected to the mobile station, and a switchingcenter connected to the base station, wherein information transmittedfrom the mobile station to the switching center includes information onone or more deletion branch candidates between the mobile station andthe base station.

In the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mobilecommunication system including a mobile station, a base stationconnected to the mobile station, and a switching center connected to thebase station, wherein the switching center creates settings for deletingone or more communicating branches.

In the fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided amobile station of a mobile communication system including the mobilestation, a base station connected to the mobile station, and a switchingcenter connected to the base station, wherein the mobile stationnotifies the switching center of information on one or more additionbranch candidates between the mobile station and the base station, andof information indicative of precedence of the addition branchcandidates.

Here, the mobile station may notify, while communicating with the basestation using a maximum number of radio branches simultaneouslyestablishable, the switching center of addition of the addition branchcandidates, when precedence of an addition branch candidate to be addedexceeds, by an amount of a predetermined threshold value, precedence ofa communicating branch with lowest precedence.

Information transmitted from the mobile station to the switching centermay further include information on one or more communicating branchesbetween the mobile station and the base station.

In the fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided adiversity handover branch control method in a mobile communicationsystem including a mobile station, a base station connected to themobile station, and a switching center connected to the base station,wherein information transmitted from the mobile station to the switchingcenter includes information on one or more deletion branch candidatesbetween the mobile station and the base station.

In the sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided adiversity handover branch control method, in which a mobile stationdetects one or more addition branch candidates constituting handovercandidates in communications between the mobile station and a basestation connected to the mobile station, and notifies a switching centerconnected to the base station of the addition branch candidates, whereininformation transmitted from the mobile station to the switching centerincludes information on one or more addition branch candidates betweenthe mobile station and the base station, and information indicative ofprecedence of the addition branch candidates.

Here, the information transmitted from the mobile station to theswitching center may further include information on one or morecommunicating branches between the mobile station and the base station.

The information indicative of precedence may be an order of arrangementof information on the communicating branches and information on theaddition branch candidates.

The information indicative of precedence may consist of numeralsrepresenting information on the communicating branches and informationon the addition branch candidates.

The information indicative of precedence may be an order of arrangementof information on the addition branch candidates.

The order of arrangement may be a decreasing order of transmissionlosses.

The information indicative of precedence may consist of numeralsrepresenting information on the addition branch candidates.

The switching center may establish the communication branches betweenthe mobile station and the switching center using information on one ormore communicating branches between the mobile station and the basestation, transmitted information on the one or more addition branchcandidates, and information indicative of precedence of the additionbranch candidates.

The switching center may establish, when a sum total of a number ofcommunicating branches and a number of the addition branch candidatesexceeds a maximum radio branch number simultaneously establishable incommunications between the mobile station and the base station, acommunication branch in order of precedence up to a maximum cable branchnumber that can be processed simultaneously by the switching center.

The maximum cable branch number may be greater than the maximum radiobranch number by N, where N is an integer equal to or greater than one.

The mobile station may make a decision of the addition branch candidatesagain and notify the switching center of the addition branch candidates,when a total sum of a communicating branch number and an addition branchnumber exceeds the maximum cable branch number, and hence the additionbranch candidates are not added because of restrictions on an upperlimit of the maximum cable branch number.

The switching center may store, when the addition branch candidates arenot added because of the upper limit of the maximum cable branch number,branch candidates that cannot be added because of the upper limit of themaximum cable branch number, and autonomously carries out control.

In the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided amobile communication system including a mobile station, a base stationconnected to the mobile station, and a switching center connected to thebase station, wherein information transmitted from the mobile station tothe switching center includes information on one or more deletion branchcandidates between the mobile station and the base station.

In the eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided adiversity handover branch control method in a mobile communicationsystem comprising a mobile station, a base station connected to themobile station, and a switching center connected to the base station,wherein the switching center creates settings for deleting one or morecommunication branches.

In the ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided adiversity handover branch control method in a mobile communicationsystem including a mobile station, a base station connected to themobile station, and a switching center connected to the base station,wherein the mobile station autonomously creates settings for deletingone or more communication branches.

In the tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided adiversity handover branch control method, in which a mobile stationdetects one or more communication branches constituting handovercandidates, and notifies a switching center of the communicationbranches, wherein the mobile station autonomously deletes one or morecommunication branches, and subsequently notifies the switching centerof the deleted branches via a remaining communication branch.

In the eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided adiversity handover branch control method, in which a mobile stationdetects one or more communication branches constituting handovercandidates, wherein the mobile station autonomously deletes one or morecommunication branches, and subsequently a switching center, which isconnected with the mobile station through a base station, deletes acorresponding cable branches by detecting disconnection of the radiobranch.

In the twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided adiversity handover branch control method, in which a mobile stationdetects one or more addition branch candidates constituting handovercandidates in communications between the mobile station and a basestation connected to the mobile station, and notifies a switching centerconnected to the base station of the addition branch candidates, whereinthe mobile station does not notify, when a communicating branch numberequals a simultaneously establishable maximum radio branch numberbetween the mobile station and the base station, the switching center ofinformation on addition branch candidates that are unlikely to be addedin diversity handover.

In the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided adiversity handover branch control method, in which a mobile stationdetects one or more addition branch candidates constituting handovercandidates in communications between the mobile station and a basestation connected to the mobile station, and notifies a switching centerconnected to the base station of the addition branch candidates, whereinthe mobile station notifies, when a sum total of a communicating branchnumber and an addition branch candidate number is equal to or less thana simultaneously establishable maximum radio branch number between themobile station and the base station, the switching center of theaddition branch candidates.

These and other objects and features of the present invention willbecome more fully apparent from the following description and appendedclaims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forthhereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To further clarify the above and other advantages and features of thepresent invention, a more particular description of the invention willbe rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which areillustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that thesedrawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and aretherefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention willbe described and explained with additional specificity and detailthrough the use of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a diversityhandover branch control method in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating images of branch connection and releaseon a mobile station side and a network side in respective DHOoperations;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating images of an addition DHO thresholdvalue and a deletion DHO threshold value;

FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a format of addition informationparameters;

FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a format of deletion informationparameters;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an image of the DHO performance interms of a threshold value;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating relationships between the branchnumbers on a network side;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the details of hand over triggersignal transmission algorithm in a mobile station;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example, in which no addition branchcandidate is notified during maximum radio branch communications;

FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating an oscillation inhibiting thresholdvalue in the case where the addition branch candidate is added;

FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating an oscillation inhibiting thresholdvalue in the case where no addition branch candidate is added;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the details of DHO performancealgorithm in a network;

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating branches for activating a DHOsequence;

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between FIGS. 12A,12B and 12C linked in this order;

FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating a DHO processing sequence when theradio condition as illustrated in FIG. 11 takes place in a mobilestation;

FIG. 12B is a diagram illustrating the DHO processing sequence when theradio condition as illustrated in FIG. 11 takes place in the mobilestation;

FIG. 12C is a diagram illustrating the DHO processing sequence when theradio condition as illustrated in FIG. 11 takes place in the mobilestation;

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of candidates that cannotbe added because of restrictions on a maximum cable branch number;

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a deletion sequence;

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a deletion sequence; and

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a deletion sequence.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanyingdrawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a diversityhandover branch control method in accordance with the present invention.

In FIG. 1, a mobile station (MS) 20 is a device such as a mobile phoneand a mobile information terminal, which has radio communicationfunctions, and base stations (BS's) 10, 14 and 16 are radio stationsthat communicate with the mobile station 20. The mobile stationcommunicates with the base stations 10, 14 and 16 at first. Mobileservices switching center (MSC) 30, 32 or 34, which is connected withone of the base stations 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 through a cable, has basestation control functions that perform radio control of the basestations 10 and others, and a paging control function that provides themobile station 20 and others with communication services through thebase stations 10 and others. It will be needless to say that the mobileswitching center 30, 32 or 34 can be connected with the base station 10,12, 14, 16 or 18 through fixed radio channels instead of the cable. Onemobile switching center can handle a plurality of base stations.Although the base station 10 is connected double through cable channelsto both the mobile services switching centers 30 and 32 in FIG. 1, thisis for the purpose of load distribution or switching between operatingand standby systems, and each base station is connected to one of themobile services switching centers during a single communication term.When the mobile station 20 moves to the area of the mobile station 22,and acquires quality communication condition with the base stations 12and 18, the base stations 12 and 18 each become an addition branchcandidate. In this case, if the radio condition between the mobilestation 20 and the base stations 10 and 14 deteriorates, the basestations 10 and 14 each become a deletion branch candidate. Thus,because the addition branch candidate is present, it does notnecessarily follow that the deletion branch candidate is present. Themobile services switching centers 30, 32 and 34 are interconnectedthrough a trunk circuit network.

Next, types of control of the DHO the present invention employs will bedescribed.

The DHO is roughly divided into the addition DHO, deletion DHO andaddition deletion DHO which is a special case of the addition DHO. Theaddition DHO is one that adds a new branch candidate, whereas thedeletion DHO is one that deletes a branch candidate under communicationswhich does not contribute to any communications. Control procedures ofthese DHO will now be described.

[Addition DHO]

FIG. 2 illustrates images of the branch connection and release on themobile station side and network side in the respective DHO operations.

The radio branch connection and release image of the addition DHO inFIG. 2 indicates that a new radio branch 52 is added at a time 60 in thepresence of a communicating branch 50. The cable branch connection andrelease image of the addition DHO indicates that a new cable branch 54is added. In the branch control sequence in the addition DHO, theaddition (cable) branch 54 comes first, and then the addition (radio)branch 52.

The mobile station monitors radio conditions (for example, monitorstransmission losses on the perch) of peripheral sectors, and selectsaddition branch candidates from among the branches that meet theaddition branch candidate decision conditions, that is, the mobilestation's detection conditions of the addition branch candidate.

FIG. 3 shows an image of an addition DHO threshold value and a deletionDHO threshold value. In FIG. 3, the vertical axis indicates thetransmission loss level, and the horizontal axis represents the distancethe mobile station travels.

As shown in FIG. 3, when the mobile station moves from left to right onthe horizontal axis and reaches the DHO area, it enters the diversitycondition, and communicates through two branches at the same time.During this state, the handover (HO) is carried out. The mobile stationis communicating through one branch on the left-hand side of the DHOarea. Thus, one addition branch candidate takes place when the mobilestation enters the DHO area during one branch communications, and onedeletion branch candidate appears when it passes through the DHO area tothe right-hand side during the two branch communications. The mobilestation detects the addition and deletion branch candidates inaccordance with the difference between the HO (handover) source BStransmission loss and the HO destination BS transmission loss(addition/deletion branch candidate decision conditions). If thedifference becomes smaller than the addition DHO threshold value (meetsthe addition branch candidate decision condition), the mobile stationdetects the addition branch candidate, whereas if the difference becomesgreater than the deletion DHO threshold value (meets the deletion branchcandidate decision condition), it detects the deletion branch candidate.In both the DHO operations (the addition and deletion DHO operations),the least transmission loss among the branches is used as a reference HOsource BS transmission loss during communications through a plurality ofcommunication branches. The deletion DHO threshold value is made greaterthan the addition DHO threshold value, so that a difference (hysteresis)is provided to the two threshold values, thereby preventing the deletionDHO branch from being added soon again depending on changes in the radioconditions.

The mobile station notifies the network of both the addition branchcandidates and communicating branches in such a manner that they arearranged in ascending order of the transmission loss, or in a givenorder with information indicative of the order of precedence, and areadded to addition information parameters in a handover trigger signal.The deletion branch candidates, if there is any, are also notified in asimilar manner in the form of deletion information parameters.

It is possible for the mobile services switching center to acquireinformation about the communicating branches, and this will make itunnecessary for the mobile station to transmit the information on thecommunicating branches to the mobile services switching center.

The information indicative of the order of precedence may be theforegoing arranged orders of the transmission losses of the additionbranch candidates, or their absolute values or relative values. Forexample, values indicative of the lowness of the transmission losses canbe transmitted in connection with the information about the branchesindependently of the arranged orders.

FIG. 4A illustrates an example of the format of the addition informationparameters, and FIG. 4B illustrates an example of the format of thedeletion information parameters.

In FIG. 4A, the communicating visitor location sector number indicatesthe number of sectors in DHO communications when the mobile stationsends the handover trigger signal; the addition DHO candidate sectornumber indicates the number of sectors that can be added newly as theDHO candidates; a base station number indicates the number of a basestation in DHO communications with the mobile station, or that of a basestation of an addition branch candidate; a sector number indicates thenumber of a sector within the service area of the base station; a perchchannel received SIR indicates the received SIR of a broadcastingcontrol channel; and a perch channel transmission power level indicatesthe transmission power level of the broadcasting control channel. In theparameter list, sets of the base station number, sector number, perchchannel received SIR and perch channel transmission power level arerepeated by the number of times of the sum total of the communicatingvisitor location sector number and the addition DHO candidate sectornumber.

In FIG. 4B, the deletion DHO candidate sector number indicates thenumber of sectors of the DHO candidates that can be newly deleted, andsets of a base station number and a sector number are repeated by thenumber of times of the deletion DHO candidate sector number as in FIG.4A.

FIG. 5 illustrates a DHO performance image in terms of the thresholdvalues.

In FIG. 5, the highest priority communicating branch is a branch 110,and the next highest one is a branch 112. Threshold values 120 and 122are based on the highest priority branch 110 in the communicatingbranches. The threshold value 120 designates the deletion DHO thresholdvalue, and the threshold value 122 designates the addition DHO thresholdvalue. The network side extracts branches in order of the addition DHOprecedence (in order of the branches 114, 116 and 118) by the number ofbranches the network side can handle, considering the number of branchesin communications at present, and carries out the addition DHO. It isclear that since the addition DHO branch candidate 114 has a lowertransmission loss than the communicating branch 110, it satisfies theaddition branch decision conditions. Even the branch 116, which has agreater transmission loss than the branch 110 with a minimumtransmission loss among the communicating branches, can be considered tohave a higher precedence than the branch 118. In other words, the highpriority means that the branch is given higher precedence in theaddition processing.

The branch candidate selection by the mobile station in accordance withthe present invention means that the mobile station carries out itscontrol such that it does not notify the network side of the candidatesthat are unlikely to be subjected to the addition DHO among the additionbranch candidates detected by the mobile station.

[Deletion DHO]

The radio branch connection and release image of the deletion DHO inFIG. 2 indicates that a radio branch 72 is deleted at a time 80 in thepresence of a communicating branch 70. The cable branch connection andrelease image of the deletion DHO indicates that a cable branch 74 isdeleted. In the branch control sequence in the deletion DHO, thedeletion (radio) branch 72 is deleted first, and then the deletion(cable) branch 74 is deleted.

The mobile station monitors the radio conditions (for example, monitorsthe transmission losses on the perch) of the communicating sectors, andselects all the branches that meet the deletion branch candidatedecision conditions as the deletion DHO candidates. In the deletion DHO,the DHO precedence is not considered. The deletion DHO candidates aredeleted as soon as they are detected, because they do not contribute tothe communications. The mobile station notifies the network side of thedeletion DHO candidates by placing them into the deletion informationparameters in the handover trigger signal. The deletion informationparameters include the deletion DHO sector number, and the sets of thebase station number and sector number which are repeated by the numberof times of the deletion DHO sector number (see, the deletioninformation parameter format of FIG. 4B). As illustrated in FIG. 5, thenetwork side carries out the deletion DHO, and deletes the deletion DHOcandidates, the branch 113, for example. Alternatively, since thedeletion DHO candidates are sure to be deleted when detected, the mobilestation can autonomously delete them and notify the network side ofthat.

[Addition Deletion DHO]

The addition deletion DHO is one of the addition DHO operations based onthe restrictions on the maximum radio branch number, and is activatedwhen the sum total of the communicating branches and addition branchesexceeds the maximum radio branch number. To achieve the additiondeletion DHO effectively, the maximum cable branch number is set greaterthan the maximum radio branch number. Higher priority branches are addedup to the maximum cable branch number in order of decreasing precedencein the addition deletion DHO.

FIG. 6 illustrates relationships between these branch numbers seen fromthe network side.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, a (transitional) cable branch number 126,which is the sum total of the communicating branch number 128 and theaddition branch number 127, exceeds the maximum radio branch number 125.The cable branches corresponding to the excess, that is, the(transitional) cable branch number 126−the maximum radio branch number125=M cable branches, are provided transitionally for carrying outeffective addition DHO. The network side eventually deletes M branchesin order of increasing precedence (in order of decreasing transmissionloss, for example) within the (transitional) cable branches, inclusiveof communicating branches, where M is equal to or less than N, where Nequals the maximum cable branch number 124−the maximum radio branchnumber 125. In the radio section, addition of the radio branches andswitching of them are carried out in response to the finally selectedcable branches. It is also possible to take such a control method thatomits the addition of those candidates which are most likely to bedeleted because of their lower precedence than the communicatingbranches even though they are added as the cable branches.

The radio branch connection and release image of the addition deletionDHO in FIG. 2 indicates that a new branch 92 is added in the presence ofbranches 90 and 91 at a time 100, the branch 91 is deleted by switchingat a time 102, and then a branch 93 is added by switching after the time102. The point of intersection of the time 102 and the branch 93 isrepresented by an open circle because the maximum radio branch number isset at three. On the other hand, the cable branch connection and releaseimage indicates that cable branches 96 and 98 are added, and a cablebranch 94 is deleted. The branch control sequence in the additiondeletion DHO takes place in order of (1) the addition of the branches 96and 98; (2) addition of the branch 92; (3) deletion of the branch 91 byswitching; (4) addition of the branch 93 by switching; and (5) deletionof the branch 94.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the details of handover triggersignal transmission algorithm in the mobile station.

In FIG. 7, the mobile station monitors the radio conditions of itscurrent sector and peripheral sectors to detect addition branchcandidates and deletion branch candidates at step S10. The mobilestation places the communicating branches and addition branch candidatesinto the addition information parameters in the handover trigger signal,and the deletion branch candidates into the deletion informationparameters in the same signal. The mobile station sets the additioninformation parameters in the following conditions, and sends themthrough steps S20-S90.

When one or more deletion branch candidates are present (step S20), themobile station places all the communicating branches and addition branchcandidates into the addition information parameters, and sends themthrough steps S40 and S50 (Condition 1).

When no deletion branch candidate is present and the number of thecommunicating radio branches is less than the maximum value (step S30),the mobile station places all the detected addition branch candidatesand the communicating branches in the addition information parameters,and sends them through steps S40 and S50 (Condition 2).

If the number of the communicating radio branches equals the maximumvalue (step S30), the mobile station decides as to the communicatingbranches and the addition branch candidates whether their difference (inthe transmission loss, for example) is greater than the oscillationinhibiting threshold value by comparing them at step S60, and sends onlythe addition branch candidates with a difference greater than theoscillation inhibiting threshold value by placing them into the handovertrigger signal through steps S80 and S90 (Condition 3), without sendingthem otherwise (step S70).

A first reason for imposing a rigid condition such as the condition 3 onthe candidate transmission when the number of communicating radiobranches is maximum is that it is known beforehand that those additionbranch candidates which meet the normal addition branch decisionconditions but have lower precedence than any other communicatingbranches are not subjected the addition processing even though they aresent to the network side. Thus, notifying the network side of them asthe addition branch candidates is avoided.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example that does not notify the network side ofthe addition branch candidates during communications using the maximumnumber of radio branches.

In FIG. 8, branches 130, 132 and 134 are communicating branches, and thethreshold value 142 indicates an addition DHO threshold value. Althoughthe branches 136 and 138 are addition branch candidates because theymeet the addition branch candidate decision conditions (because thedifferences in the transmission losses between them and the branch 130are less than the addition DHO threshold value 142), they are highlyunlikely to be added because their precedence is lower than the lowestcommunicating branch 134. Furthermore, the oscillation inhibitingthreshold value is set to prevent the repetition of the addition anddeletion, that is, “oscillation”, by imposing more strict condition(second reason). Those branches that are deleted at the start of theaddition deletion DHO are deleted not because they meet the deletionbranch candidate conditions, but because they become lower than otherbranches. If a branch that meets the requirements for a communicationbranch and contributes communications is replaced by an addition branchcandidate with a slightly higher priority, it is very likely that thereplaced branch is added again instead of the added addition branchcandidate because of fluctuations in the radio section. Such anoperation, if repeated, will increase the control load of the networkside. To prevent such oscillation, the oscillation inhibiting thresholdvalue is set. The oscillation inhibiting threshold value is set underthe assumption that the differences are considered between the additionbranch candidates and the communicating branch with the lowest priority(because of a large transmission loss, for example) during thecommunications using the maximum number of radio branches, and thedecision is made by comparing the differences with the threshold valueso that the addition is made if the differences are greater than theoscillation inhibiting threshold value. FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagramsillustrating the oscillation inhibiting threshold value. FIG. 9Aillustrates a case when an addition branch candidate is added, whereasFIG. 9B illustrates a case when it is not added. An addition branchcandidate lower in precedence than the communicating branches, that is,lower than the lowest priority communicating branch among them is notadded because it is unlikely to be added. If it has a slightly higherpriority, it is not added because it will cause the oscillation.

In FIG. 9A, branches 150, 152 and 154 are communicating branches and abranch 156 is an addition branch candidate with precedence above theoscillation inhibiting threshold value 157.

In FIG. 9B, branches 160, 162 and 164 are communicating branches and abranch 166 is an addition branch candidate with precedence below theoscillation inhibiting threshold value 167.

When one or more deletion branch candidates are present, or when thenumber of the communicating branches is less than maximum, the mobilestation notifies the network side of all the candidates. In this way,the network side can obtain alternative addition branch candidate, evenif it rejects a particular addition branch candidate owing to somereason.

It will be obvious for those skilled in the art that such control can beimplemented without any inconvenience that adds only addition branchcandidates which are very likely to be added. This is analogous to theforegoing case in which it is possible to circumvent any cable branchaddition processing of the candidates which are very likely to bedeleted because of their lower precedence than the communicatingbranches even though they are added as the cable branch candidates.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the details of the DHO performancealgorithm in the network.

In FIG. 10, receiving the handover trigger signal at step S100, thenetwork side carries out the deletion DHO first at step S110, and thenthe addition DHO at step S130 after completing the deletion DHO. Thedeletion DHO sequence (step S200) is for increasing the number ofbranches that are available simultaneously in the addition DHO byreleasing beforehand those branches not contributing to thecommunications by performing the deletion DHO prior to the addition DHO.When the mobile station carries out the deletion DHO autonomously, itcan perform the deletion DHO independently of the addition DHO which iscarried out after receiving the handover trigger. It is preferable,however, to carry out the deletion DHO before triggering the additionDHO. The procedure of the addition DHO is divided depending on whetherthe sum total of the communicating branch number (#Br)−the deletion DHObranch number (#Del) (that is, the communicating branch number aftercompleting the deletion DHO) and the addition DHO branch number (#Add)exceeds the maximum radio branch number (#Brmax) or not.

First, when the sum total (#Br−#Del+#Add) of the communicating branchnumber and the addition branch candidate number does not exceed themaximum radio branch number (#Brmax), the network side carried out theaddition DHO in a normal procedure (steps S120 and S130 of the additionDHO sequence S210).

In contrast, when the sum total (#Br−#Del+#Add) of the communicatingbranch number and the addition branch candidate number exceeds themaximum radio branch number (#Brmax), the network side carried out theaddition deletion DHO (the addition deletion DHO sequence S220). Thecable branches are added up to the maximum cable branch number (stepS140). Subsequently, the addition and switching of the radio branchesare carried out up to the maximum radio branch number (#Brmax) (stepS150). Finally, unneeded cable branches exceeding the maximum radiobranch number (#Brmax) is released (step S160).

FIG. 11 is a branch diagram for activating the DHO sequence.

In FIG. 11, a branch 1 (190), branch 2 (191) and branch 3 (196) arecommunicating branches, in which the branch 3 (196) is below a deletionDHO threshold value 194. A branch 4 (192) and branch 5 (193) areaddition branch candidates, in which the branch 5 (193) is within anaddition DHO threshold value 195, and the branch 4 (192) has higherprecedence than the branch 2 (191).

FIGS. 12A, 12B and 12C are linked in this order, and illustrate the DHOprocessing sequence of performing under the control of the network theaddition deletion DHO after the deletion DHO in the case where theprecedence of the branches is as shown in FIG. 11, where it is assumedthat the maximum radio branch number is three and the maximum cablebranch number is four.

FIG. 12A shows the deletion DHO sequence, in which an unneeded radiobranch is deleted.

FIG. 12A shows three radio branches 1-3, three cable branches 1-3, andfive base stations with base station numbers 1-5. A mobile station 500detects addition DHO candidates and deletion DHO candidates (501), anddecides addition DHO candidates and deletion DHO candidates (505). Themobile station 500 sends to a network 503 a handover trigger request(branch deletion or branch addition) (510). The network 503 extracts thedeletion DHO candidates (517), and sends to the mobile station 500 ahandover execution request (deletion of the branch 3) (515). The mobilestation 500 sends back to the network 503 a handover execution response(520). Then, the mobile station 500 deletes the radio branch 3 (525),and suspends the maximal ratio combining of the radio branch 3 (530), asrepresented by the deletion of the line of the radio branch 3 at 530 asindicated by a broken line.

The network 503 sends to the base station with the base station number 3a radio and cable bearer release request (535). The base station withthe base station number 3 halts the reception of the reverse radiochannel (540), halts the transmission of the forward radio channel(545), releases base station number resources (550), and sends back tothe network 503 a radio and cable bearer release response (560). Thenetwork 503 deletes the DHT cable branch 3 (565).

FIGS. 12B and 12C illustrate an addition deletion DHO sequence whichadds cable branches 4 and 5 in advance, adds a radio branch 4corresponding to the added cable branches, carries out switching betweenthe radio branches 1 and 5, and finally deletes the cable branch 1 thatbecomes unnecessary.

In FIG. 12B, the network 503 detects addition DHO candidates (600),decides an addition DHO destination (605), and adds the cable branches 4and 5 (610). The addition of the cable branches 4 and 5 is representedin FIG. 12B by lines of the cable branches 4 and 5 appearing from theposition indicated by a broken line. The network 503 sends to the basestations with the base station numbers 4 and 5 a radio and cable bearerestablishing request (615 and 620). The base stations with the basestation numbers 4 and 5 each send to the mobile station 500 a forwardradio channel transmission start (625 and 630), receive a reverse radiochannel reception start (635 and 640), and sends to the network 503 aradio and cable bearer establishment response (645 and 650).

In FIG. 12C, the network 503 checks the cable branches 4 and 5 (700).The network 503 sends to the mobile station 500 a handover executionrequest (for adding the branch 4 and switching between the branches 1and 5) (705), and the mobile station 500 sends back to the network 503 ahandover execution response (710). The mobile station 500 adds the radiobranch 4 (715), establishes synchronization of the new branch 4 (720),starts the maximal ratio combining of the radio branch 4 (725), switchesthe radio branches 1 and 5 (730), and establishes the synchronization ofthe new branch 5 (735). On the other hand, the network 503 adds thecable branches 4 and 5 (727). The base station with the base stationnumber 4 detects the reverse radio channel synchronization (740), andsends back to the network 503 a radio and cable bearer establishmentresponse (745). The base station with the base station number 5 detectsthe reverse radio channel synchronization (750), and sends back to thenetwork 503 a radio and cable bearer establishment response (755). Thenetwork 503 adds the radio branch 4 and checks the switching between theradio branches 1 and 5 (757), and sends to the base station with thebase station number 1 a radio and cable bearer release request (760).The base station with the base station number 1 halts the reception ofthe reverse radio channel (765), halts the transmission of the forwardradio channel (770), releases the base station number resources (775),and sends back to the network 503 a radio and cable bearer releaseresponse (780). The network 503 deletes the DHT cable branch 1 (785).

Next, control will be described of a candidate which is not addedbecause of the restrictions on the cable branch number (maximum cablebranch number), though the mobile station notifies the network side ofthe candidate. The maximum number of branches that can be handled insingle network control is limited to the maximum cable branch number.Thus, when the sum total of the communicating branches and the additionbranch candidates exceeds the maximum cable branches, it is probablethat the single control cannot add some addition branch candidatesalthough they have higher precedence than the communicating branches.

FIG. 13 illustrates such addition candidates which cannot be addedbecause of the maximum cable branch number.

In FIG. 13, branches 170, 172 and 174 are communicating branches, andbranches 176, 178 and 180 are addition branch candidates. Although thebranches 178 and 180 have higher precedence than the communicatingbranch 170, they are not added because of the maximum cable branchnumber of four. Only the addition candidate branch 176 with the highestprecedence is added by the single control.

In such a case, a control method can be introduced that notifies thenetwork again of the unadded addition branch candidates 178 and 180 byputting them into the handover trigger signal in response to themeasurement on the mobile station side. The network side can perform theaddition DHO of the addition branch candidates 178 and 180 that are notadded in the first control, at the point of time it receives thehandover trigger signal including them. Alternatively, the network sidecan choose a method that stores the addition branch candidates 178 and180, and successively carries out the addition DHO for those candidatesthat are omitted in the first control after completing the series of theoperations as shown in FIG. 10.

In the present invention, selecting the branch candidates consideringthe maximum cable branch number and the maximum radio branch number, themobile station notifies the network side of only the candidates that aremost likely to undergo the DHO processing by excluding in advance thebranch candidates that are unlikely to be handled in the DHO processingeven though the mobile station notifies the network side of them. Inthis case, the following two methods can be employed.

First, considering the case where the network side cannot add anaddition branch candidate of a higher precedence because of some reason,the mobile station notifies the network side of alternative additionbranch candidates that are unlikely to be added if the branch candidateof a higher precedence is added. Thus, all the addition branchcandidates are notified of. Nevertheless, the mobile station keepsperforming the control that does not notify the network side of theaddition branch candidates with lower precedence than the communicatingbranches during communications using the maximum number of thecommunicating branches. This is because it cannot be expected that thesebranches with the lower precedence than the communicating branches areadded because the maximum number of communicating branches are alreadyused.

Second, the mobile station notifies the network side of only theaddition branch candidates that are likely to be added in the normal DHOprocessing without notifying of the alternative addition branchcandidates. Although this method has an advantage over the first methodof being able to reduce an amount of signals, the mobile station mustconsider the relationships between the number of the communicatingbranches and the number of the deletion branch candidates. That is,since the deletion DHO is carried out previously, such control isrequired that selects only addition branch candidates that are mostlikely to be added after the deletion DHO which is executed beforehand.

In the present invention, the mobile station notifies the network sidenot only of the addition branch candidates by putting them into thenotification signal (handover trigger signal), but also of thecommunicating branches in combination with the information about theprecedence by putting them into the handover trigger signal. Forexample, magnitudes of the transmission loss are retained in thenotification signal in order of precedence as an indicator of theprecedence. It is not necessary to notify the network side of thedeletion branch candidates because they do not contribute to thecommunications. Thus, they are detected and deleted without being sentto the network side with the communicating branches that are transmittedin combination with the information about their precedence. Since thenetwork side can compare the precedence between the communicatingbranches and the addition branch candidates, it can decide the additionbranch candidates to be added, and the communicating branches to beretained or deleted as needed.

The mobile station places into one handover trigger signal all the DHOcandidates, that is, a plurality of addition branch candidates anddeletion branch candidates, and notifies the network side of them. Morespecifically, the addition branch candidates are put into the additioninformation parameters in the handover trigger signal, and the deletionbranch candidates are inserted into the deletion information parameters.It is needless to say that the communicating branches are put into theaddition information parameters together with the addition branchcandidates. This will make it possible to reduce the number oftransmission of the handover trigger signal, enabling effective use ofthe radio resources. To simplify the processing, the network sideseparates the addition branch candidates from the deletion branchcandidates, and sequentially carries out their DHO independently.Carrying out the deletion DHO in advance to delete unneeded branchesmakes it possible to add more addition branch candidates through asingle transmission operation of the handover trigger signal, enablingmore effective use of the radio and cable resources.

To achieve the deletion DHO under the control of the mobile station, themobile station puts the deletion branch candidates into the handovertrigger signal, notifies the network side of them, and releases theradio branches. Detecting the break of the radio channels associatedwith the deletion branch candidates notified, the network side releasesthe cable branches corresponding thereto.

FIG. 14 illustrates the deletion DHO sequence under the control of themobile station. The addition DHO is carried out independently of thissequence.

By setting the maximum cable branch number at the maximum radio branchnumber plus N (N≧1), it becomes possible to add a greater number ofcable branches in advance than when the maximum cable branch number isset at the maximum radio branch number plus one. This makes it possibleto achieve more efficient control of the addition operation of aplurality of multiple addition branch candidates.

In the foregoing control, it is likely that the restrictions on themaximum cable branch number may result in an addition branch candidateto which no cable branch is added. In this case, the present inventioncan propose the following two methods.

1. The network side does not carry out any special control. The mobilestation decides the addition branch candidates again in the condition ofusing new communication branches, notifies the network of the handoversignal again so that the addition DHO of the unexecuted candidates iscarried out.

2. The network side stores the addition branch candidates that are nothandled by the first control, and autonomously carries out the secondcontrol.

FIG. 15 shows an embodiment of a configuration of base stations, aswitching center and so on in accordance with the present invention.

In FIG. 15, a base station (BS1) 200 and a base station (BS2) 210 areconnected to a MSC (Mobile services switching center) 220, to which adiversity handover trunk (DHT) 230, a voice encoder (VXC) 240, dataservice controller (DSC) 250 and processor (PRC) 260 are connected.

FIG. 16 shows another embodiment of a configuration of the basestations, switching centers and so on in accordance with the presentinvention.

In FIG. 16, blocks having the same functions as those of FIG. 15 aredesignated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereofis omitted here. The configuration of FIG. 16 differs from that of FIG.15 in that it comprises a new additional base station control office(MSC1) 320 with a function of controlling the base stations, which isconnected to a mobile services switching center (MSC2) 330 with a normalswitching function. The base station control office (MSC1) 320 can beinstalled near the base station BS1 or BS2. It is also possible toutilize a switching center of a fixed network as the switching center(MSC2) 330 without any change. The DHT 230 and PRC 260 are connected tothe base station control office (MSC1) 320, and the VXC 240, DSC 250 andPRC 260 are connected to the switching center (MSC2).

As described above, the present invention provides a diversity handoverbranch control method in the DHO performance, in which a mobile stationselects, when it detects a plurality of addition branch candidates anddeletion branch candidates, branch candidates considering the maximumcable branch number and maximum radio branch number.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms withoutdeparting from its spirit or essential characteristics. The describedembodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrativeand not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicatedby the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. Allchanges which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of theclaims are to be embraced within their scope.

What is claimed is:
 1. A diversity handover branch control method, inwhich a mobile station detects one or more addition branch candidatesconstituting handover candidates in communications between said mobilestation and a base station connected to the mobile station, and notifiesa switching center connected to the base station of the addition branchcandidates, wherein said mobile station notifies, when a sum total of acommunicating branch number and an addition branch candidate number isequal to or less than a simultaneously establishable maximum radiobranch number between said mobile station and said base station, saidswitching center of said addition branch candidates.